From the 17th century, the Augustinians’ pastoral presence was growing in the towns. They experienced the most turbulent times during the Reformation. The Augustinian Friars were brought to Ciechanów (Poland) in 1358 by Duke Siemowit III. At the period of its greatest prosperity the order comprised 42 ecclesiastical provinces and 2 vicariates numbering 2000 monasteries and about 30,000 members. Eventually, France had four Augustinian provinces. By 1275 there were about a half dozen friaries stretching in a line along the southern coast. In 1274 the Fratres Saccati were dissolved and the Augustinians were given a number of there houses. The first Augustinian houses in France were in the area of Provence. Foundations were made in Mainz (1260), Zurich (1270), and Munich (1294). A few years after the reorganization of the Augustinian Order, Hermit monasteries sprang up in Germany, and Spain.
Augustine spread rapidly, partly because they did not radiate from a single parent monastery, and partly because, after conflicts in the previously existing congregations, the active life was finally adopted by the greater number of communities, following the example of the Friars Minor and the Dominicans.
The Williamites had already expanded into Hungary. Lanfranc Septala of Milan, Prior of the Bonites, was appointed the first Prior General of the newly constituted Order.Īt the time of the Grand Union of 1256, some of the constituent congregations already had houses established north of the Alps. The delegates met in Rome on 1 March 1256, which resulted in a union. Augustine, established chiefly in Italy, including those in Tuscany, with Cardinal Annibaldi as protector the Bonites, so called from their founder, Blessed John Buoni, a member of the Buonuomini family, and named after John the Good (bishop of Milan) and the Brittinians (Brictinians), so called from their oldest foundation near Fano, in the Marche district of Ancona. Those summoned included the Williamites several unspecified houses of the Order of St. On 15 July 1255, Pope Alexander IV issued the bull Cum quaedam salubria to command a number of religious groupings to gather for the purpose of being amalgamated into a new Order of Hermits of Saint Augustine. The bull also appointed Cardinal Riccardo Annibaldi as their supervisor and legal guide. Innocent IV issued the Bull Incumbit Nobis on 16 December 1243, an essentially pastoral letter which exhorted these hermits to adopt "the Rule and way of life of the Blessed Augustine," and to elect a Prior General. In 1243 the Tuscan hermits petitioned Pope Innocent IV to unite them all as one group.
The Augustinian friars came into being as part of the mendicant movement of the 13th century, a new form of religious life which sought to bring the religious ideals of the monastic life into an urban setting which allowed the religious to serve the needs of the people in an apostolic capacity. In 1223 four of the communities around Siena joined in a loose association, which had increased to thirteen within five years. At this time there were a number of eremitical groups living in such diverse places as Tuscany, Latium, Umbria, Liguria, England, Switzerland, Germany, and France. Their foundational spirit was one of solitude and penance. These were often small (no more than ten) and composed of laymen. Main article: Augustinians § History of the FriarsĪround the start of the 13th century, many eremitical communities, especially in the vicinity of Siena, Italy, sprang up. Augustine's Rule appears again in practice in the eleventh century as a basis for the reform of monasteries and cathedral chapters. cathedral clergy living in community according to a rule). Benedict, this system of life for cathedral clergy continued in various locations throughout Europe for centuries, and they became known as Canons regular (i.e. While in early Medieval times the rule was overshadowed by other Rules, particularly that of St. Between 430 and 570 this life-style was carried to Europe by monks and clergy fleeing the persecution of the Vandals. Instructions for their guidance were found in several writings of Augustine, especially in De opere monachorum, mentioned in ancient codices of the eighth or ninth century as the " Rule of St. Their manner of life led others to imitate them. Regarding the use of property or possessions, Augustine did not make a virtue of poverty, but of sharing.
Augustine of Hippo, first with some friends and afterward as bishop with his clergy, led a monastic community life.
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